What is HTMX?
HTMX is the new HTML that stopped evolving after a while. HTMX is the way you can avoid using JSON and JavaScript and get all your work done within HTML itself.
This was written by Carson Gross and is slowly becoming popular in 2024.
What is incremental search?
Let us look at this htmx code.
<h3>
Search Contacts
<span class="htmx-indicator">
<img
src="/img/bars.svg"/>
Searching...
</span>
</h3>
<input class="form-control" type="search"
name="search" placeholder="Begin Typing To Search Users..."
hx-post="/search"
hx-trigger="input changed delay:500ms, search"
hx-target="#search-results"
hx-indicator=".htmx-indicator">
<table class="table">
<thead>
<tr>
<th>First Name</th>
<th>Last Name</th>
<th>Email</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody
id="search-results">
</tbody>
</table>
We use hx-trigger and hx-target to get the job done. I don’t see the hx-indicator since the search is local and hence fast.
You must learn more about how HTMX uses the events and the hx-* methods to get work done.
hx-post is also important as that is what gets search going.
The response is coming from same page as we mimic a real web server using JavaScript.
Code sample and demo
<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<meta name="description" content="htmx gives you access to AJAX, CSS
Transitions, WebSockets and Server Sent Events directly in HTML, using
attributes, so you can build modern user interfaces with the simplicity
and power of hypertext
htmx is small (~14k min.gz’d), dependency-free, extendable, IE11
compatible & has reduced code base sizes by 67% when compared with
react">
<title></> htmx ~ Examples ~ Active Search</title>
<link rel="canonical"
href="https://htmx.org/examples/active-search/">
<link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Sitewide
Atom feed" href="/atom.xml">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/site.css">
<script src="/js/htmx.js"></script>
<script src="/js/class-tools.js"></script>
<script src="/js/preload.js"></script>
<script src="/js/_hyperscript.js"></script>
<meta name="generator" content="Zola v.TODO">
</head>
<body hx-ext="class-tools, preload">
<div class="c content ">
<h1>Active Search</h1>
<script src="https://unpkg.com/sinon@9.0.2/pkg/sinon.js"></script>
<script src="/js/demo.js"></script>
<p>This example actively searches a contacts database as the user
enters text.</p>
<p>We start with a search input and an empty table:</p>
<pre data-lang="html" style="background-color:#1f2329;color:#abb2bf;"
class="language-html "><code class="language-html"
data-lang="html"><span><</span><span
style="color:#e06c75;">h3</span><span>>
</span><span> Search Contacts
</span><span> <</span><span style="color:#e06c75;">span </span><span
style="color:#d19a66;">class</span><span>=</span><span
style="color:#98c379;">"htmx-indicator"</span><span>>
</span><span> <</span><span style="color:#e06c75;">img
</span><span style="color:#d19a66;">src</span><span>=</span><span
style="color:#98c379;">"/img/bars.svg"</span><span>/>
Searching...
</span><span> </</span><span
style="color:#e06c75;">span</span><span>>
</span><span></</span><span
style="color:#e06c75;">h3</span><span>>
</span><span><</span><span style="color:#e06c75;">input </span><span
style="color:#d19a66;">class</span><span>=</span><span
style="color:#98c379;">"form-control" </span><span
style="color:#d19a66;">type</span><span>=</span><span
style="color:#98c379;">"search"
</span><span> </span><span
style="color:#d19a66;">name</span><span>=</span><span
style="color:#98c379;">"search" </span><span
style="color:#d19a66;">placeholder</span><span>=</span><span
style="color:#98c379;">"Begin Typing To Search Users..."
</span><span> </span><span
style="color:#d19a66;">hx-post</span><span>=</span><span
style="color:#98c379;">"/search"
</span><span> </span><span
style="color:#d19a66;">hx-trigger</span><span>=</span><span
style="color:#98c379;">"input changed delay:500ms, search"
</span><span> </span><span
style="color:#d19a66;">hx-target</span><span>=</span><span
style="color:#98c379;">"#search-results"
</span><span> </span><span
style="color:#d19a66;">hx-indicator</span><span>=</span><span
style="color:#98c379;">".htmx-indicator"</span><span>>
</span><span>
</span><span><</span><span style="color:#e06c75;">table </span><span
style="color:#d19a66;">class</span><span>=</span><span
style="color:#98c379;">"table"</span><span>>
</span><span> <</span><span
style="color:#e06c75;">thead</span><span>>
</span><span> <</span><span
style="color:#e06c75;">tr</span><span>>
</span><span> <</span><span
style="color:#e06c75;">th</span><span>>First Name</</span><span
style="color:#e06c75;">th</span><span>>
</span><span> <</span><span
style="color:#e06c75;">th</span><span>>Last Name</</span><span
style="color:#e06c75;">th</span><span>>
</span><span> <</span><span
style="color:#e06c75;">th</span><span>>Email</</span><span
style="color:#e06c75;">th</span><span>>
</span><span> </</span><span
style="color:#e06c75;">tr</span><span>>
</span><span> </</span><span
style="color:#e06c75;">thead</span><span>>
</span><span> <</span><span style="color:#e06c75;">tbody
</span><span style="color:#d19a66;">id</span><span>=</span><span
style="color:#98c379;">"search-results"</span><span>>
</span><span> </</span><span
style="color:#e06c75;">tbody</span><span>>
</span><span></</span><span
style="color:#e06c75;">table</span><span>>
</span></code></pre>
<p>The input issues a <code>POST</code> to <code>/search</code> on the
<a rel="noopener" target="_blank"
href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/HTMLElement/input_event"><code>input</code></a>
event and sets the body of the table to be the resulting content. Note
that the <code>keyup</code> event could be used as well, but would not
fire if the user pasted text with their mouse (or any other non-keyboard
method).</p>
<p>We add the <code>delay:500ms</code> modifier to the trigger to delay
sending the query until the user stops typing. Additionally,
we add the <code>changed</code> modifier to the trigger to ensure we
don’t send new queries when the user doesn’t change the
value of the input (e.g. they hit an arrow key, or pasted the same
value).</p>
<p>Since we use a <code>search</code> type input we will get an
<code>x</code> in the input field to clear the input.
To make this trigger a new <code>POST</code> we have to specify another
trigger. We specify another trigger by using a comma to
separate them. The <code>search</code> trigger will be run when the
field is cleared but it also makes it possible to override
the 500 ms <code>input</code> event delay by just pressing enter.</p>
<p>Finally, we show an indicator when the search is in flight with the
<code>hx-indicator</code> attribute. </p>
<style>
#demo-server-info {
padding: 8px;
position: fixed;
bottom: 0;
right: 0;
left: 0;
height: 64px;
width: 100vw;
background-color: whitesmoke;
border-top: 2px solid gray;
overflow: hide;
margin: 0px;
z-index: 1;
}
#demo-server-info.show {
max-height: 45vh;
height: 500px;
overflow: scroll;
}
#demo-activity {
height:300px
}
#demo-activity div {
vertical-align: top
}
#demo-activity ol li {
list-style-position: inside;
}
#demo-canvas {
margin-bottom: 500px;
padding-top: 12px;
}
</style>
<script>
function toggleRequestInfo() {
var classList =
document.getElementById("demo-server-info").classList;
classList.toggle("show");
if (classList.contains('show')) {
document.getElementById("request-info-toggler").innerHTML =
"↓ Hide"
} else {
document.getElementById("request-info-toggler").innerHTML =
"↑ Show"
}
}
</script>
<div id="demo-server-info">
<div>Server Requests<span id="request-count"></span> <a
id="request-info-toggler" onclick="toggleRequestInfo()" style="cursor:
pointer">↑ Show</a></div>
<div id="demo-activity" class="row">
<div class="3 col" >
<ol id="demo-timeline" reversed>
</ol>
</div>
<div id="demo-current-request" class="9 col">
</div>
</div>
</div>
<h2><a class="zola-anchor" href="#demo" aria-label="Anchor link for:
demo">🔗</a>Demo</h2>
<div id="demo-canvas">
</div>
<script>
//=========================================================================
// Fake Server Side Code
//=========================================================================
// routes
init("/init", function(request, params){
return searchUI();
});
onPost(/\/search.*/, function(request, params){
var search = params['search'];
var contacts = dataStore.findContactsMatching(search);
return resultsUI(contacts);
});
// templates
function searchUI() {
return ` <h3>
Search Contacts
<span class="htmx-indicator">
<img src="/img/bars.svg"/> Searching...
</span>
</h3>
<input class="form-control" type="search"
name="search" placeholder="Begin Typing To Search Users..."
hx-post="/search"
hx-trigger="input changed delay:500ms, search"
hx-target="#search-results"
hx-indicator=".htmx-indicator">
<table class="table">
<thead>
<tr>
<th>First Name</th>
<th>Last Name</th>
<th>Email</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody id="search-results">
</tbody>
</table>`;
}
function resultsUI(contacts){
var txt = "";
for (var i = 0; i < contacts.length; i++) {
var c = contacts[i];
txt += "<tr><td>" + c.FirstName + "</td><td>" + c.LastName +
"</td><td>" + c.Email + "</td></tr>\n";
}
return txt;
}
//datastore
var dataStore = function(){
var data = [
{ "FirstName": "Venus", "LastName": "Grimes", "Email":
"lectus.rutrum@Duisa.edu", "City": "Ankara" },
{ "FirstName": "Fletcher", "LastName": "Owen", "Email":
"metus@Aenean.org", "City": "Niort" },
{ "FirstName": "William", "LastName": "Hale", "Email":
"eu.dolor@risusodio.edu", "City": "Te Awamutu" },
{ "FirstName": "TaShya", "LastName": "Cash", "Email":
"tincidunt.orci.quis@nuncnullavulputate.co.uk", "City": "Titagarh" },
{ "FirstName": "Kevyn", "LastName": "Hoover", "Email":
"tristique.pellentesque.tellus@Cumsociis.co.uk", "City": "Cuenca" },
{ "FirstName": "Jakeem", "LastName": "Walker", "Email":
"Morbi.vehicula.Pellentesque@faucibusorci.org", "City": "St. Andrä" },
{ "FirstName": "Malcolm", "LastName": "Trujillo", "Email":
"sagittis@velit.edu", "City": "Fort Resolution" },
{ "FirstName": "Wynne", "LastName": "Rice", "Email":
"augue.id@felisorciadipiscing.edu", "City": "Kinross" },
{ "FirstName": "Evangeline", "LastName": "Klein", "Email":
"adipiscing.lobortis@sem.org", "City": "San Giovanni in Galdo" },
{ "FirstName": "Jennifer", "LastName": "Russell", "Email":
"sapien.Aenean.massa@risus.com", "City": "Laives/Leifers" },
{ "FirstName": "Rama", "LastName": "Freeman", "Email":
"Proin@quamPellentesquehabitant.net", "City": "Flin Flon" },
{ "FirstName": "Jena", "LastName": "Mathis", "Email":
"non.cursus.non@Phaselluselit.com", "City": "Fort Simpson" },
{ "FirstName": "Alexandra", "LastName": "Maynard", "Email":
"porta.elit.a@anequeNullam.ca", "City": "Nazilli" },
{ "FirstName": "Tallulah", "LastName": "Haley", "Email":
"ligula@id.net", "City": "Bay Roberts" },
{ "FirstName": "Timon", "LastName": "Small", "Email":
"velit.Quisque.varius@gravidaPraesent.org", "City": "Girona" },
{ "FirstName": "Randall", "LastName": "Pena", "Email":
"facilisis@Donecconsectetuer.edu", "City": "Edam" },
{ "FirstName": "Conan", "LastName": "Vaughan", "Email":
"luctus.sit@Classaptenttaciti.edu", "City": "Nadiad" },
{ "FirstName": "Dora", "LastName": "Allen", "Email":
"est.arcu.ac@Vestibulumante.co.uk", "City": "Renfrew" },
{ "FirstName": "Aiko", "LastName": "Little", "Email":
"quam.dignissim@convallisest.net", "City": "Delitzsch" },
{ "FirstName": "Jessamine", "LastName": "Bauer", "Email":
"taciti.sociosqu@nibhvulputatemauris.co.uk", "City": "Offida" },
{ "FirstName": "Gillian", "LastName": "Livingston", "Email":
"justo@atiaculisquis.com", "City": "Saskatoon" },
{ "FirstName": "Laith", "LastName": "Nicholson", "Email":
"elit.pellentesque.a@diam.org", "City": "Tallahassee" },
{ "FirstName": "Paloma", "LastName": "Alston", "Email":
"cursus@metus.org", "City": "Cache Creek" },
{ "FirstName": "Freya", "LastName": "Dunn", "Email":
"Vestibulum.accumsan@metus.co.uk", "City": "Heist-aan-Zee" },
{ "FirstName": "Griffin", "LastName": "Rice", "Email":
"justo@tortordictumeu.net", "City": "Montpelier" },
{ "FirstName": "Catherine", "LastName": "West", "Email":
"malesuada.augue@elementum.com", "City": "Tarnów" },
{ "FirstName": "Jena", "LastName": "Chambers", "Email":
"erat.Etiam.vestibulum@quamelementumat.net", "City": "Konya" },
{ "FirstName": "Neil", "LastName": "Rodriguez", "Email":
"enim@facilisis.com", "City": "Kraków" },
{ "FirstName": "Freya", "LastName": "Charles", "Email":
"metus@nec.net", "City": "Arzano" },
{ "FirstName": "Anastasia", "LastName": "Strong", "Email":
"sit@vitae.edu", "City": "Polpenazze del Garda" },
{ "FirstName": "Bell", "LastName": "Simon", "Email":
"mollis.nec.cursus@disparturientmontes.ca", "City": "Caxias do Sul" },
{ "FirstName": "Minerva", "LastName": "Allison", "Email":
"Donec@nequeIn.edu", "City": "Rio de Janeiro" },
{ "FirstName": "Yoko", "LastName": "Dawson", "Email":
"neque.sed@semper.net", "City": "Saint-Remy-Geest" },
{ "FirstName": "Nadine", "LastName": "Justice", "Email":
"netus@et.edu", "City": "Calgary" },
{ "FirstName": "Hoyt", "LastName": "Rosa", "Email":
"Nullam.ut.nisi@Aliquam.co.uk", "City": "Mold" },
{ "FirstName": "Shafira", "LastName": "Noel", "Email":
"tincidunt.nunc@non.edu", "City": "Kitzbühel" },
{ "FirstName": "Jin", "LastName": "Nunez", "Email":
"porttitor.tellus.non@venenatisamagna.net", "City": "Dreieich" },
{ "FirstName": "Barbara", "LastName": "Gay", "Email":
"est.congue.a@elit.com", "City": "Overland Park" },
{ "FirstName": "Riley", "LastName": "Hammond", "Email":
"tempor.diam@sodalesnisi.net", "City": "Smoky Lake" },
{ "FirstName": "Molly", "LastName": "Fulton", "Email":
"semper@Naminterdumenim.net", "City": "Montese" },
{ "FirstName": "Dexter", "LastName": "Owen", "Email":
"non.ante@odiosagittissemper.ca", "City": "Bousval" },
{ "FirstName": "Kuame", "LastName": "Merritt", "Email":
"ornare.placerat.orci@nisinibh.ca", "City": "Solingen" },
{ "FirstName": "Maggie", "LastName": "Delgado", "Email":
"Nam.ligula.elit@Cum.org", "City": "Tredegar" },
{ "FirstName": "Hanae", "LastName": "Washington", "Email":
"nec.euismod@adipiscingelit.org", "City": "Amersfoort" },
{ "FirstName": "Jonah", "LastName": "Cherry", "Email":
"ridiculus.mus.Proin@quispede.edu", "City": "Acciano" },
{ "FirstName": "Cheyenne", "LastName": "Munoz", "Email":
"at@molestiesodalesMauris.edu", "City": "Saint-L?onard" },
{ "FirstName": "India", "LastName": "Mack", "Email":
"sem.mollis@Inmi.co.uk", "City": "Maryborough" },
{ "FirstName": "Lael", "LastName": "Mcneil", "Email":
"porttitor@risusDonecegestas.com", "City": "Livorno" },
{ "FirstName": "Jillian", "LastName": "Mckay", "Email":
"vulputate.eu.odio@amagnaLorem.co.uk", "City": "Salvador" },
{ "FirstName": "Shaine", "LastName": "Wright", "Email":
"malesuada@pharetraQuisqueac.org", "City": "Newton Abbot" },
{ "FirstName": "Keane", "LastName": "Richmond", "Email":
"nostra.per.inceptos@euismodurna.org", "City": "Canterano" },
{ "FirstName": "Samuel", "LastName": "Davis", "Email":
"felis@euenim.com", "City": "Peterhead" },
{ "FirstName": "Zelenia", "LastName": "Sheppard", "Email":
"Quisque.nonummy@antelectusconvallis.org", "City": "Motta Visconti" },
{ "FirstName": "Giacomo", "LastName": "Cole", "Email":
"aliquet.libero@urnaUttincidunt.ca", "City": "Donnas" },
{ "FirstName": "Mason", "LastName": "Hinton", "Email":
"est@Nunc.co.uk", "City": "St. Asaph" },
{ "FirstName": "Katelyn", "LastName": "Koch", "Email":
"velit.Aliquam@Suspendisse.edu", "City": "Cleveland" },
{ "FirstName": "Olga", "LastName": "Spencer", "Email":
"faucibus@Praesenteudui.net", "City": "Karapınar" },
{ "FirstName": "Erasmus", "LastName": "Strong", "Email":
"dignissim.lacus@euarcu.net", "City": "Passau" },
{ "FirstName": "Regan", "LastName": "Cline", "Email":
"vitae.erat.vel@lacusEtiambibendum.co.uk", "City": "Pergola" },
{ "FirstName": "Stone", "LastName": "Holt", "Email":
"eget.mollis.lectus@Aeneanegestas.ca", "City": "Houston" },
{ "FirstName": "Deanna", "LastName": "Branch", "Email":
"turpis@estMauris.net", "City": "Olcenengo" },
{ "FirstName": "Rana", "LastName": "Green", "Email":
"metus@conguea.edu", "City": "Onze-Lieve-Vrouw-Lombeek" },
{ "FirstName": "Caryn", "LastName": "Henson", "Email":
"Donec.sollicitudin.adipiscing@sed.net", "City": "Kington" },
{ "FirstName": "Clarke", "LastName": "Stein", "Email":
"nec@mollis.co.uk", "City": "Tenali" },
{ "FirstName": "Kelsie", "LastName": "Porter", "Email":
"Cum@gravidaAliquam.com", "City": "Ä°skenderun" },
{ "FirstName": "Cooper", "LastName": "Pugh", "Email":
"Quisque.ornare.tortor@dictum.co.uk", "City": "Delhi" },
{ "FirstName": "Paul", "LastName": "Spencer", "Email":
"ac@InfaucibusMorbi.com", "City": "Biez" },
{ "FirstName": "Cassady", "LastName": "Farrell", "Email":
"Suspendisse.non@venenatisa.net", "City": "New Maryland" },
{ "FirstName": "Sydnee", "LastName": "Velazquez", "Email":
"mollis@loremfringillaornare.com", "City": "Str�e" },
{ "FirstName": "Felix", "LastName": "Boyle", "Email":
"id.libero.Donec@aauctor.org", "City": "Edinburgh" },
{ "FirstName": "Ryder", "LastName": "House", "Email":
"molestie@natoquepenatibus.org", "City": "Copertino" },
{ "FirstName": "Hadley", "LastName": "Holcomb", "Email":
"penatibus@nisi.ca", "City": "Avadi" },
{ "FirstName": "Marsden", "LastName": "Nunez", "Email":
"Nulla.eget.metus@facilisisvitaeorci.org", "City": "New Galloway" },
{ "FirstName": "Alana", "LastName": "Powell", "Email":
"non.lobortis.quis@interdumfeugiatSed.net", "City": "Pitt Meadows" },
{ "FirstName": "Dennis", "LastName": "Wyatt", "Email":
"Morbi.non@nibhQuisquenonummy.ca", "City": "Wrexham" },
{ "FirstName": "Karleigh", "LastName": "Walton", "Email":
"nascetur.ridiculus@quamdignissimpharetra.com", "City": "Diksmuide" },
{ "FirstName": "Brielle", "LastName": "Donovan", "Email":
"placerat@at.edu", "City": "Kolmont" },
{ "FirstName": "Donna", "LastName": "Dickerson", "Email":
"lacus.pede.sagittis@lacusvestibulum.com", "City": "Vallepietra" },
{ "FirstName": "Eagan", "LastName": "Pate", "Email":
"est.Nunc@cursusNunc.ca", "City": "Durness" },
{ "FirstName": "Carlos", "LastName": "Ramsey", "Email":
"est.ac.facilisis@duinec.co.uk", "City": "Tiruvottiyur" },
{ "FirstName": "Regan", "LastName": "Murphy", "Email":
"lectus.Cum@aptent.com", "City": "Candidoni" },
{ "FirstName": "Claudia", "LastName": "Spence", "Email":
"Nunc.lectus.pede@aceleifend.co.uk", "City": "Augusta" },
{ "FirstName": "Genevieve", "LastName": "Parker", "Email":
"ultrices@inaliquetlobortis.net", "City": "Forbach" },
{ "FirstName": "Marshall", "LastName": "Allison", "Email":
"erat.semper.rutrum@odio.org", "City": "Landau" },
{ "FirstName": "Reuben", "LastName": "Davis", "Email":
"Donec@auctorodio.edu", "City": "Sch�nebeck" },
{ "FirstName": "Ralph", "LastName": "Doyle", "Email":
"pede.Suspendisse.dui@Curabitur.org", "City": "Linkebeek" },
{ "FirstName": "Constance", "LastName": "Gilliam", "Email":
"mollis@Nulla.edu", "City": "Enterprise" },
{ "FirstName": "Serina", "LastName": "Jacobson", "Email":
"dictum.augue@ipsum.net", "City": "Hérouville-Saint-Clair" },
{ "FirstName": "Charity", "LastName": "Byrd", "Email":
"convallis.ante.lectus@scelerisquemollisPhasellus.co.uk", "City":
"Brussegem" },
{ "FirstName": "Hyatt", "LastName": "Bird", "Email":
"enim.Nunc.ut@nonmagnaNam.com", "City": "Gdynia" },
{ "FirstName": "Brent", "LastName": "Dunn", "Email":
"ac.sem@nuncid.com", "City": "Hay-on-Wye" },
{ "FirstName": "Casey", "LastName": "Bonner", "Email":
"id@ornareelitelit.edu", "City": "Kearny" },
{ "FirstName": "Hakeem", "LastName": "Gill", "Email":
"dis@nonummyipsumnon.org", "City": "Portico e San Benedetto" },
{ "FirstName": "Stewart", "LastName": "Meadows", "Email":
"Nunc.pulvinar.arcu@convallisdolorQuisque.net", "City": "Dignano" },
{ "FirstName": "Nomlanga", "LastName": "Wooten", "Email":
"inceptos@turpisegestas.ca", "City": "Troon" },
{ "FirstName": "Sebastian", "LastName": "Watts", "Email":
"Sed.diam.lorem@lorem.co.uk", "City": "Palermo" },
{ "FirstName": "Chelsea", "LastName": "Larsen", "Email":
"ligula@Nam.net", "City": "Poole" },
{ "FirstName": "Cameron", "LastName": "Humphrey", "Email":
"placerat@id.org", "City": "Manfredonia" },
{ "FirstName": "Juliet", "LastName": "Bush", "Email":
"consectetuer.euismod@vitaeeratVivamus.co.uk", "City": "Lavacherie" },
{ "FirstName": "Caryn", "LastName": "Hooper", "Email":
"eu.enim.Etiam@ridiculus.org", "City": "Amelia" }
];
return {
findContactsMatching : function(str) {
var result = [];
var s = str.toLowerCase();
for (var i = 0; i < data.length; i++) {
var c = data[i];
if(c['FirstName'].toLowerCase().indexOf(s) >= 0 ||
c['LastName'].toLowerCase().indexOf(s) >= 0 ||
c['Email'].toLowerCase().indexOf(s) >= 0) {
result.push(c)
}
}
return result;
}
}
}()
</script>
</div>
</body>
</html>
The dependencies are here.
Conclusion
The idea that incremental search can easily be done using HTMX reinforces the fact that without using JSON we can achieve so much.
HTMX is only showing up on the scene. There is lot of potential in it.
Answer
What is IPC or inter process communication?
It is the standard UNIX systems that came up with this idea that you can share data between related and unrelated processes. In UNIX there is concept of child and parent processes.
Also known as systemV IPC, these are usually pipes, named pipes or FIFOs, then shared memory and more. Some of these concepts are being used in modern systems like AWS and redis. SQS comes to mind.
Question
What is OpenBSD?
Feedback
If you want to bulid a SaaS revenue stream you must put in the sweat, blood and tears. Nothing worth having in life is free or easy. You must work hard but prize is quite reassuring, I can tell you that.